Public key cryptography is otherwise known as asymmetric cryptography. In this form of cryptography, there is a pair of cryptographic keys for the user. The pair includes a public key and a private key.

The private key as it its name suggests, is secret. On the other hand, the public key may be widely distributed. Though the keys are related mathematically, there are several practical problems in deriving private key from the public key.

On the other hand, secret key cryptography or symmetric cryptography uses a single secret key for both encryption and decryption. The public key cryptography has got two main branches. They are public key encryption and digital signatures. The public key encryption can be decrypted only by a user who has got the corresponding private key. On the other hand, digital signatures can be verified by anyone with access to user's public key. Packet switching is used in the bandwidth optimization and to minimize the transmission latency.

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